CONDICIONAIS

Gramática da

Língua Inglesa Conditionals introduction



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1 As frases condicionais formam-se da seguinte maneira:



IF-CLAUSE + MAIN CLAUSE



onde IF-CLAUSE = oração condicional que exprime uma condição que tem de ser satisfeita antes que qualquer outra coisa se possa realizar.

e MAIN CLAUSE = oração principal que depende da IF-CLAUSE.





Exemplos:

If it rains, I will stay at home.

Se chover, ficarei em casa.



If I had more money, I would give it to you.

Se eu tivesse mais dinheiro, dar-to-ia.



If he had studied, he would have passed the exam.

Se ele tivesse estudado, teria passado no exame.





2 As frases condicionais dividem-se em 3 grupos básicos:





TYPE 1 condições muito prováveis no presente ou no futuro



IF + PRESENT + WILL

If the weather is fine, we will go to the cinema.

Se o tempo estiver bom, iremos ao cinema.





TYPE 2 condições pouco prováveis, ou impossíveis, no presente ou no futuro



IF + PAST + WOULD

If I were rich, I would buy a big house.

Se eu fosse rico, compraria uma casa grande.





TYPE 3 condições hipotéticas no passado



IF + PAST PERFECT + WOULD HAVE

If it hadn't rained yesterday, I would have gone fishing.

Se não tivesse chovido ontem, eu teria ido à pesca.





3 Além do IF, as seguintes conjunções podem também ser empregues para introduzir as IF-CLAUSEs, apesar das mesmas nem sempre terem o mesmo significado que IF:



Conjunctions Significado

as long as desde que

assuming (that) supondo que; admitindo que

even if mesmo que

if only se pelo menos; se ao menos

in case no caso de; para o caso de

on condition (that) com a condição de que; só se

provided (that) desde que

providing (that) desde que

so long as desde que

suppose (that) supondo que

supposing (that) supondo que

unless a menos que; a não ser que

whether or not quer...quer não;

quer queira, quer não


Exercício


Conditional - Type 1 1



Complete as frases condicionais com os verbos na forma correcta para exprimir condições muito prováveis no presente ou no futuro.



Exemplo:



(apologise, forgive)

If you apologise, she will forgive you.



» (go, have to)

If she 1 to France, she 2 learn French.



» (drop, break)

If you 3 the glass, you 4 it.



» (pass, buy)

If she 5 her exam, her father 6 her a present.



» (be, catch)

If we 7 late for the meeting, we 8 a taxi.



» (buy, be)

I 9 the shirt if it 10 my size.



» (not able, lose)

He 11 to enter the country if he 12 his passport.


Exercício


Conditional - Type 2 1



Complete as frases condicionais com os verbos na forma correcta para exprimir condições pouco prováveis, ou impossíveis, no presente ou no futuro.



Exemplo:



I don't know the answer. (know, tell)

If I knew the answer, I would tell you.



» She would like to see the world, but she can't afford it. (be, travel)

If she 1 rich, she 2 round the world.



» He smokes a lot, and his wife is worried. (not smoke, be)

If he 3 , his wife 4 a lot happier.



» She doesn't know shorthand. (know, easily find)

If she 5 shorthand, she 6 a job.



» My son is lazy and studies little. (study, have)

If my son 7 more, he 8 better marks.



» He has no qualifications, so they can't give him the job. (give, have)

They 9 him the job if he 10 the qualifications.



» I don't know his phone number. (give, know)

I 11 you his phone number if I 12 it.



Exercício


Conditional - Type 3 1



Complete as frases condicionais com os verbos na forma correcta para exprimir condições hipotéticas no passado, cujas consequências nunca ocorreram, ou nunca poderão ocorrer, porque as condições nunca se concretizaram no passado.



Exemplo:



You didn't ask me to wait. (ask, wait)

If you had asked me, I would have waited.



» I didn't stop because I didn't see the stop sign. (see, stop)

If I 1 the stop sign, I 2 .



» I didn't know she was in hospital. (know, visit)

If I 3 she was in hospital, I 4 her.



» He failed the exam, because he didn't study. (study, pass)

If he 5 , he 6 the exam.



» They forgot to take the map with them, so they got lost. (not forget, not get)

If they 7 to take the map, they 8 lost.



» He passed the driving test, and it pleased his parents. (be, not pass)

His parents 9 disappointed if he 10 the driving test.



» She didn't give you a lift because you didn't ask her. (give, ask)

She 11 you a lift if you 12 her.